Abstract The objective of the study was to identify the most suitable substrate and type of cutting to obtain seedlings from Baccharis vulneraria Baker cuttings. Apical and stem cuttings were collected from stock plants grown in a greenhouse. After collection, the cuttings were grown in the following substrates: commercial peat-based substrate (CPS); Vermiculite (VM); carbonized rice husk (CRH); Coconut fiber (CF); VM and CRH (1:1) (VM + CRH); VM and CF (1:1) (VM + CF); and CRH and CF (1:1) (CRH + CF) mixtures. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design and, after 60 days, the percentage of survival and rooting (% SR), aerial part length (APL) and roots length (RSL), number of shoots (SN) and new leaves (LN), root volume (RSV), aerial part dry mass (APDM), and roots dry mass (RSDM) were evaluated. An interaction was found between the type of substrate and cutting for APL, RSL, LN, RSV, and RSM. On the other hand, %SR, SN and APDM differed only by cutting type. Apical cuttings showed higher APL, while internode cuttings showed higher SN, LN, RSV, and APDM. CPS promoted higher RSL in both types of cuttings, being a suitable option for the propagation of Baccharis vulneraria, particularly in internode cuttings.

Resumo O estudo objetivou identificar o substrato e o tipo de estaca adequados para a obtenção de mudas por estaquia de Baccharis vulneraria Baker. Foram coletadas estacas apicais e caulinares de plantas matrizes mantidas em casa de vegetação e cultivadas nos substratos: substrato comercial à base de turfa (CPS); Vermiculita (VM); casca de arroz carbonizada (CRH); Fibra de coco (CF); VM e CRH (1:1) (VM + CRH); VM e CF (1:1) (VM + CF); CRH e CF (1:1) (CRH + CF). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e, após 60 dias foi avaliado: percentual de sobrevivência e enraizamento (% SR), comprimento da parte aérea (APL) de raízes (RSL), número de brotos (SN) e de folhas novas (LN), volume de raiz (RSV), massa seca da parte aérea (APDM) e de raízes (RSDM). Houve interação entre o tipo de substrato e estaca para APL, RSL, LN, RSV e RSM. Já %SR, SN e APDM diferiram somente para o tipo de estaca. Estacas apicais apresentaram maior APL enquanto as de entrenó demonstraram maior SN, LN, RSV e APDM. CPS promoveu maior CSR nos dois tipos de estacas, sendo uma opção adequada para propagação de Baccharis vulneraria, principalmente em estacas de entrenó.

RESUMO Mudas de erva-mate com qualidade genética e fisiológica, altos índices de sobrevivência no plantio e resistência a estresses ambientais são necessários para a implantação e estabelecimento de ervais produtivos que irão fornecer matéria-prima de qualidade. No entanto, a produção de mudas, na maioria dos casos, é realizada a partir de sementes, as quais são coletadas de plantas matrizes com poucos critérios de seleção. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a qualidade das sementes de erva-mate após pré-limpeza por flutuação de diferentes plantas matrizes, por meio da obtenção de informações sobre a caracterização biométrica (medida longitudinal e transversal), teor de água, peso de mil sementes, avaliação da integridade das sementes e viabilidade por meio do teste de tetrazólio. As sementes foram coletadas de 10 plantas matrizes localizadas em três municípios da região ervateira Alto Vale do Taquari - RS, Brasil. Na avaliação da integridade foram contabilizadas a quantidade de sementes não íntegras (vazias e deterioradas) e íntegras (com e sem embrião visível). E no teste de tetrazólio foi avaliada a porcentagem de sementes viáveis e não viáveis. As sementes das diferentes plantas matrizes apresentaram diferenças estatísticas para todas as variáveis analisadas. As análises mostraram que há diferenças relacionadas à biometria e teor de água e, consequentemente, no peso de mil sementes. A erva-mate apresenta percentual variado de sementes vazias e deterioradas. A porcentagem de sementes não viáveis é alta, o que reduz significativamente a viabilidade de um lote de sementes.

ABSTRACT Yerba mate seedlings with genetic and physiological quality, high rates of sowing survival and resistance to environmental stresses are necessary for the implantation and establishment of productive plants that will provide quality raw material. However, the production of seedlings, in most cases is carried out from seeds, which are collected from mother-plants with few selection criteria. In this sense, the work aimed to investigate the quality of the seeds of yerba mate after processing by flotation from different mother-plants, by obtaining information about the biometric characterization (longitudinal and transversal measure), water content, a thousand-seed weight, evaluation of the seed integrity and viability through the tetrazolium test. The seeds were collected from 10 mother-plants located in three cities in the yerba-mate region Alto Vale do Taquari - RS state, Brazil. In the integrity assessment, the number of not full (empty and deteriorated) and full (with and without visible embryo) seeds was counted. In the tetrazolium test, the percentage of viable and non-viable seeds was evaluated. The seeds of the different parent plants showed statistical differences for all the variables analyzed. The analysis showed that there are differences related to biometric parameters and water content and, consequently, in the weight of a thousand seeds. Yerba mate shows a varied percentage of empty and deteriorated seeds. The percentage of non-viable seeds is high, which significantly reduces the viability of the seed lot.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of disinfestation methods and different storage environments on the germination of seeds of Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze. Seeds were disinfested using ethanol followed by sodium hypochlorite; water under agitation; and no disinfestation from two origins. Longevity was tested by storing the seeds in a cold chamber, dry chamber, and at ambient laboratory temperature. Beginning of germination (BG), percentage (%G), and mean germination time (MGT) and mean germination speed index (MGSI) were evaluated. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance, comparison of mean values and a polynomial regression analysis (p<0.05). In the disinfestation, there was significant difference in %G and MGT only between origins. For longevity, IG and MGSI had a positive and negative linear behavior, respectively, while %G had a quadratic behavior. L. brasiliense seeds disinfestation does not affect germination. Dry chamber was the most suitable storage environment.

ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems (AFS) represent an alternative to the current agricultural model, based on monoculture, mechanization, and intensive use of agrochemicals. The aim of this study was to characterize existing AFS in the Southern region of Brazil and understand how their forestry certification process is conducted by the official governmental body (SEMA-RS). Interviews were carried out with the owners of five AFS and one technical visit was made to SEMA-RS. Changes in production model resulted from a process of raising farmers’ awareness, which was observed when the main reason mentioned by farmers for implementing AFS is to ensure a healthier life quality. Another reason mentioned is that this system is economically and environmentally feasible and complies with current legislation. On the other hand, SEMA-RS facilitated the certification process by developing a simplified and quicker modality for AFS. The support of technicians and associations helps by providing access to information and to a successful production. This study confirms the effectiveness of AFS and the need to further their visibility so that they are implemented in other locations, especially in degraded areas, thus contributing with environmental preservation and with improving the health of the population, from farmers to consumers.